I. Les Conditionnels en Anglais
A) 🌍 Zero Conditional – Faits toujours vrais
- Usage : fait général / vérité scientifique / habitude
- Structure : If + présent, … présent
- Exemples :
- If you heat water, it boils.
- If I eat too much, I feel sick.
- Astuce : jamais de will/would, c’est sûr et certain.
B) 🌤️ First Conditional – Futur possible
- Usage : quelque chose qui peut vraiment arriver dans le futur
- Structure : If + présent, … will + verbe
- Exemples :
- If it rains, I will stay home.
- If she studies, she will pass the exam.
- Astuce : futur possible → will
C) 🌌 Second Conditional – Hypothèse improbable
- Usage : imagine une situation improbable ou impossible maintenant/futur
- Structure : If + past simple, … would + verbe
- Exemples :
- If I had a million dollars, I would buy a big house.
- If I were invisible, I would sneak everywhere.
- Astuce : pas vrai maintenant → would
D) ⏳ Third Conditional – Hypothèse dans le passé
- Usage : regret / quelque chose qui ne s’est pas passé
- Structure : If + past perfect, … would have + participe passé
- Exemples :
- If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.
- If they had left earlier, they would have arrived on time.
- Astuce : passé raté → would have
II. Tableau récapitulatif des conditionnels
| Conditionnel | Situation | If + … | … + … | Exemple |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | fait certain | présent | présent | If you heat water, it boils. |
| 1 | futur possible | présent | will + verbe | If it rains, I will stay home. |
| 2 | improbable | past | would + verbe | If I had money, I would travel. |
| 3 | passé raté | past perfect | would have + participe passé | If I had studied, I would have passed. |
III. Mini exercices pour réviser
- If I ___ (be) invisible, I ___ (sneak) everywhere. → 2️⃣
- If it ___ (rain) tomorrow, we ___ (stay) inside. → 1️⃣
- Water ___ (freeze) if the temperature ___ (drop) below 0°C. → 0️⃣
- If I ___ (study) more yesterday, I ___ (pass) the test. → 3️⃣